Your Premier Sign Company for Custom Banners To Business Signs
Your Premier Sign Company for Custom Banners To Business Signs
Below is a comprehensive list of commonly used sign and design terms, and their definitions frequently employed within the sign industry. .
Acrylic: A general term for synthetic polymer or plastic, commonly known as plexiglass. It is utilized for both interior and exterior signage applications.
Advertising Mural: A grand-scale sign, either Temporary or Permanent, that envelops an entire or significant portion of a multi-story vacant or unfinished wall, building, or structure.
ADA signs: Also known as Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) signs, are signage elements designed to comply with the accessibility requirements outlined in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These signs are specifically created to ensure that individuals with disabilities, including those with visual impairments, can navigate public spaces independently and safely. ADA signs typically feature tactile elements such as raised text, Braille, and pictograms, along with high-contrast colors and easy-to-read fonts. They are commonly found in places like government buildings, schools, hospitals, hotels, and other public facilities.
Adhesion: The binding force between the surface of one material and another. It is influenced by factors such as the type and condition of the surfaces involved, as well as the adhesive used. Typically, surfaces must be clean and porous to enable adequate penetration by the adhesive.
Adhesive: A substance capable of binding and adhering two surfaces together. Examples include glue, epoxy, and tape.
Ad Sign (Feather, Teardrop, or Flag): A Temporary Sign constructed from materials like cloth, canvas, plastic, or fabric, supported by a single vertical pole anchored into the ground or mounted on a portable structure.
Advance Notice Sign: A sign signaling the proximity of a specific destination such as a highway, street intersection, or building entrance. It differs from a directional sign in that it announces a single destination. (Also known as an approach sign.)
Aesthetics: The overall perception of a sign's artistic quality or beauty, both independently and in relation to its surroundings. Factors such as design, construction, materials, and colors contribute to its aesthetic appeal.
A-Frame Sign: A portable sign, typically in the shape of an "A" or a similar variation, easily movable and not permanently fixed to the ground or any structure. Also known as a Sidewalk Sign or Sandwich Board Sign. Compare with the T-frame Sign.
Age In: The initial period required for a new neon light to reach full brightness after being turned on. This duration can vary significantly.
Aluminum: A lightweight metal material commonly used in sign panels, poles, and frames. Known for its strength, durability relative to weight, and resistance to rust and corrosion.
Aluminum Composite Material (ACM): is a type of sandwich panel consisting of two thin aluminum sheets bonded to a non-aluminum core, usually made of polyethylene or fire-resistant mineral core. ACM panels are lightweight, rigid, and durable, making them popular for a wide range of architectural applications such as building facades, signage, and interior decoration. They offer excellent weather resistance, UV stability, and flatness, and can be easily fabricated into various shapes and sizes. ACM panels come in a variety of colors, finishes, and textures, allowing for versatile design possibilities.
Ambient Light: The total amount of non-directional light present in a specific area, emitted by all sources at a given time. High levels of ambient light can affect the readability of a sign and may influence its design. Outdoor sunlight contributes significantly to ambient light levels.
Anchor: In general, any device that connects and secures one object to another. An example would be the devices used to secure awnings and fascia signs to facades.
Animated Sign: A sign that portrays movement, action, or changes in light or color using electrical, mechanical, or environmental methods employing fluorescent lamps, cathode tubes, LEDs, or incandescent bulbs. While technically similar to Flashing Signs, animated signs focus more on graphical and artistic displays.
Anodized Finish: A process where a thin aluminum oxide coating is electrochemically applied to the surface of a metal object. This coating not only hardens and protects the object but also enhances its appearance. Anodized finishes are available in various colors.
Architectural Sign: Signage integrated into the built environment, offering directional guidance or site-specific information.
Artwork: Visual elements such as graphics, images, and logos utilized in the creation of a sign.
Aspect Ratio: The ratio of width to height in an image. For instance, a high-definition television typically has an aspect ratio of 1.78:1 (commonly referred to as 16:9), indicating that for every 1.78 units of width, the image extends 1 unit in height.
Awning: An architectural feature extending from and supported by the exterior wall of a building. Typically comprising rigid or non-rigid materials and/or fabric, resting on a supporting framework that may be permanent or retractable.
Awning Sign: A sign affixed flat onto the surface or surfaces of an awning, featuring lettering and/or graphics painted or screen printed on its exterior surface. It often serves as both a shaded covering or weather protection and may or may not be illuminated.
Back-to-Back Sign: A sign featuring two faces mounted in opposing directions. Typically found in Pole Signs, which commonly incorporate back-to-back sign faces. Also known as a Double Faced Sign.
Backlit Film: An affordable alternative for short-run indoor or outdoor backlit signage, offering cost savings compared to traditional photographic methods.
Backlit Letter: An illuminated Reverse Channel Letter with an open or translucent back, directing light from the letter against the surface behind it, creating a halo lighting effect around the letter. Also referred to as "silhouette lit" or "halo lit".
Backlit Polyester: (Right Reading) High-quality 8mil backlit polyester film designed for optimal ink retention, ensuring sharp edge definition for graphic images.
Backlit Sign: A sign with illumination originating from behind the sign face. See also Internally Illuminated Sign.
Ballast: An electrical device used in fluorescent lights to stabilize the flow of the electrical current.
Balloon Sign: A sign comprising an air-inflated object crafted from flexible material or fabric, taking on a three-dimensional shape when filled with air or gas. Balloon signs are secured, attached, or held in place by cords, ropes, cables, or similar means. See also Inflatable Sign.
Banding: The occurrence of solid bands or patterns displaying visibly distinct colors within what should be a smooth and continuous color gradient. Banding may result from various factors, including low-resolution artwork, poor quality scanning of original artwork, or improper calibration of the printer used.
Banner: A sign crafted from flexible materials such as canvas or vinyl, typically lacking an enclosing or supporting framework. Often employed for temporary purposes, banner signs can be screen-printed or painted, and are commonly suspended from a pole or affixed to a building facade.
Banner Mesh: A highly lightweight and durable mesh polyester banner material, ideal for large exterior wall murals where wind or weight would pose issues with other substrates. Banner Mesh material can be sewn, seamed, and/or grommeted for ease of installation.
Banner Sign: A Temporary Sign crafted from lightweight materials such as cloth, canvas, plastic, or fabric, capable of being affixed to a structure using a cord, rope, cable, or similar method, or supported by stakes in the ground. Promotional Banners serve various purposes, including announcing open houses, grand openings, special announcements, or upcoming events.
Banner Vinyl: Utilized for both indoor and outdoor Banner Signs, Banner Vinyl boasts durability suitable for outdoor use due to the sturdy scrim within the fabric. Similar to Banner Mesh, Banner Vinyl can be sewn, seamed, and/or grommeted for enhanced versatility.
Base Plate: A sturdy, flat piece of metal, typically steel and square or rectangular in shape, attached to the bottom of a sign support structure. The base plate is then secured with bolts to a concrete foundation or other substructure.
Bench Sign: A sign positioned on the seat or backrest of a bench or seating placed within or adjacent to a public right-of-way.
Bevel:
Bid Package Documentation: provided by a potential client outlining the requirements and terms of the project being put out for bid. These documents convey information regarding design expectations, preferred materials, installation guidelines, and other project details. They typically include standardized bidding forms and instructions.
Billboard: A sizable outdoor Off-Premise Sign designed for long-distance viewing, typically exceeding 50 feet. Often situated along highways, main streets, and other high-traffic areas, billboards are rented for displaying advertisements for predetermined periods.
Blackout: A specialized paint or coating designed for electric signs to prevent light emission in specific areas, such as between letters in a neon sign. It effectively adheres to glass surfaces and withstands various environmental conditions, including weather, heat, and electrical discharge.
Blade Sign: A type of projecting sign mounted perpendicular to the normal flow of traffic, with the sign face positioned to be easily visible.
Blank An unassembled sign panel devoid of any applied lettering or graphics.
Blank: An unassembled sign panel devoid of any applied lettering or graphics.
Bleed:
Blind Fasteners: Fasteners utilized to mount signs onto walls and other surfaces while remaining concealed from view.
Blistering: The formation of bumps and bubbles on a surface covered with a coating or material like paint or vinyl due to loss of adhesion from the underlying surface.
Block Color: An area of solid color without any gradation or shading.
Blockout: A specialized paint or coating applied to electric signs to obstruct light emission in specific areas, such as between letters in a neon sign. It adheres effectively to glass surfaces and is resistant to various environmental elements.
Box Sign: A sign typically housed within a square or rectangular structure, with or without internal lighting. See also Light Box and Sign Cabinet.
Braille: A tactile writing system using raised dots to represent letters, numbers, and punctuation, primarily for the visually impaired. Required by the ADA in certain signage instances.
Braille Beads: Small plastic or metal beads used to create Braille text on signage surfaces as mandated by the ADA.
Breakaway Foundation: A sign foundation design specifically engineered to enable a sign pole or attached support structure to cleanly break away upon impact by a motor vehicle. This design helps reduce the force of impact on the vehicle occupants and is mandated by law in numerous jurisdictions.
Bronze: A resilient metal alloy composed primarily of copper and tin, with additional trace elements like zinc and nickel. It is highly durable and can be cast for creating plaques or fabricated into dimensional letters from thin sheets. Bronze offers versatility in finishing, including brushing, polishing, or lacquering.
Brushed Finish: A textured, non-reflective polish applied to metal surfaces by lightly brushing with an abrasive material or briefly treating with a mildly corrosive chemical.
Buff: To polish a metal surface by rubbing it with a slightly abrasive compound.
Building Code: A governmental regulation of a structure’s construction or maintenance.
Building Fascia: Refers to the vertical section of a building stretching from ground level to its uppermost wall or eaves, and horizontally spanning the width of the building. Signs can be attached to this fascia for visibility and advertisement purposes.
Building Mounted Sign: A sign affixed or attached to a building's exterior.
Butt Seam: A seam formed by joining two materials or pieces together at their edges without overlapping. This type of seam typically involves aligning the edges precisely and joining them using an adhesive, welding, or other suitable method.
Cabinet Sign: A sign structure comprising the frame and face(s), excluding internal components, decorations, or supporting structures.
CAD (Computer-Aided Design): Software Sophisticated software employed in engineering and manufacturing to generate and edit intricate 3D technical drawings of devices and their components.
Canopy (Attached): A multi-sided overhead structure or architectural projection attached to a building on one or more sides, either cantilevered from the building or supported by columns at additional points. Also known as a Marquee.
Canopy (Freestanding): A multi-sided overhead structure supported by columns, not enclosed by walls.
Canopy Sign: A sign attached to the visible surface(s) of an attached or freestanding canopy.
Canvas: A durable, heavy fabric woven tightly from materials like cotton, linen, or synthetics.
Carved Sign: A sign crafted by routing, engraving, sandblasting, or chiseling lettering, shapes, and/or patterns into the substrate of a sign face, either digitally generated or done by hand.
CAS (Computer-Aided Sign Making): An overarching term describing the utilization of design software and computer-controlled manufacturing equipment in the sign-making process.
Cast Metal Sign: A metal sign produced through a casting process, commonly using materials like aluminum or bronze for signs such as plaques.
Casting: The manufacturing process involving pouring a molten material, such as metal or plastic, into a mold where it solidifies, conforming to the shape of the mold cavity. This process enables the production of intricate and detailed objects, including signs and plaques.
Changeable Copy Panel: A portion of a sign designed to function similarly to a Changeable Copy Sign.
Changeable Copy Sign: A sign with variable messaging capabilities, allowing for manual or electrical changes to its content.
Channel Letter: A three-dimensional letter, fabricated or formed, capable of accommodating a light source.
Cladding: A covering added to a sign to mask or embellish the base or supporting structure.
Clearance: The measured distance between the lowest portion of a sign and the highest point of the grade underneath.
CMYK: An acronym representing the ink colors cyan (blue), magenta (red), yellow, and black. These four ink colors are combined in printing to produce all other colors.
Coated Fabric: Fabric treated or coated with substances like plastics, rubber, or oils to enhance its strength and durability.
Concrete Sign: A sign constructed from concrete, either cast or poured in place.
Conduit: Metal or plastic tubes that channel and protect electric cables.
Conforming Sign: A sign that has been lawfully installed in compliance with all relevant provincial and local regulations.
Construction Site Sign: A temporary, typically large and freestanding sign displayed at a construction site to promote and provide information about the involved companies, including the contractor, architect, developer, etc. Also known as a Job Site Sign.
Copy: The text, numerals, symbols, logos, and graphical elements comprising the content or written message of a sign.
Copy Area: The section on a sign face containing the copy.
Coroplast: a corrugated plastic sheeting composed of polypropylene, is favored for signage due to its lightweight, durable, and weather-resistant nature. Its fluted structure enhances strength while remaining flexible, making it ideal for outdoor and temporary signage applications.
Corrugated Board: A sign board created by adhering a corrugated piece of material between two flat pieces or to a flat piece of material. Plastic is the most commonly used corrugated material in sign making.
Curing: The process of drying or hardening ink, glue or other substances through the application of heat or ultraviolet light.
Custom Sign: A sign tailored, manufactured, and installed to meet the specific requirements of a particular location.
Dead Load: The combined weight of materials used in a sign and its supporting structure, including how this weight is distributed within the sign, must be considered when determining load-bearing requirements.
Decal: Printed lettering and/or graphics that can be transferred and adhered to another surface using water and/or heat.
Deck Cabinet: Similar to a Raceway but larger in cross-section, serving as both a background and support structure for the sign.
Design: Comprehensive specifications outlining the appearance, structure, and implementation of a sign, which may include technical drawings, mock-ups, illustrations, and written descriptions.
Design Intent Drawings: Drawings illustrating the basic size, profile, and components of a sign without further design details, often included in bid packages from clients.
Die-Casting: A manufacturing process where molten metal is injected into a hardened metal mold, then cooled and solidified to replicate the mold's shape precisely. This method creates accurate copies of the original object from which the mold was designed.
Die-Cutting: The process of precisely cutting materials like paper or vinyl using a specialized steel blade, known as a die, designed for a specific shape. Die-cutting is ideal for mass production of items requiring uniform shapes or sizes.
Dimensional Letter: Any raised letter, logo, or symbol on a sign substrate, typically cut out, cast, molded, or fabricated from materials like metal or plastic.
Directional Sign: Signs providing written and/or visual information to guide individuals to a destination.
Direct Illumination: The illumination of a sign using an external light source directed at the sign face.
Directory Sign: A sign used to display the names and locations of tenants within a multi-tenant building or a complex of buildings. Often situated at public access points like building lobbies, these signs may feature simple text listings or incorporate maps and other wayfinding information to aid navigation.
Double-Faced Sign: A sign featuring two parallel opposing faces, mounted in opposite directions. Commonly found in Pole Signs, they are also referred to as Back-to-Back Signs.
Dynamic Digital Signage: A large screen or series of screens which display a message, image, or series of images.
Edge Lit Sign: An illuminated sign where the light source is positioned outside the sign face along one or more edges, directing light back onto it.
Electric Sign: Any sign incorporating electrical wiring or components.
Electronic Display: A broad term encompassing various types of electronic programmable displays, including LED or LCD signs.
Electronic Message Centre (EMC): A sign with changeable copy capabilities utilizing computer-generated messages or electronic means. This includes displays using Incandescent Bulbs, LEDs, LCDs, or other technologies.
Electrostatic Film: A thin, statically charged material such as PVC used for lettering and graphics on smooth surfaces like glass or mirrors, clinging to the surface while still removable with ease.
Elevation: A scale drawing of an exterior side of a given structure such as a building or sign.
Embellishment: Any thing—ranging from an image to vicinity landscaping—that enhances the appearance of a sign’s ability to convey its message.
Emboss: To create raised lettering or graphics on a sign substrate through stamping, hammering, or molding.
Embossed Plastic Sign Face: A plastic sign face with three-dimensional lettering or graphical elements vacuum-molded (embossed) into its surface, also known as a Pan Face.
Eminent Domain: The power of a governmental agency to take property for public use.
Enamel: A colored compound made of powdered glass, applied to metal or glass surfaces for decorative and protective purposes. Enamel finishes are usually opaque once fused to the surface.
Engrave: To carve or cut a design into the surface of a hard material like metal using a handheld or machine-controlled tool known as a burin.
Entrance Canopy: A canopy or awning covering and identifying the entrance to a building or business.
Epoxy: A potent adhesive comprising two parts—resin and hardening agent—that can effectively bond various materials, including wood, composites, and metals.
Etching: The process of selectively removing portions of a material layer from a substrate using a chemical or electrolytic method. Usually, a stencil is employed to mark the areas for etching and protect the rest.
Exterior Illuminated Sign: A sign illuminated by a light source directed towards and shining on the sign face, also known as direct illumination.
Extrusion: The process of forcing metal or plastic through a form in order to create a desired shape.
Fabricated Letter: A dimensional letter typically made from sheet metal.
Facade: The exterior walls of a building, often focusing on the front or most prominent side.
Face: The surface area of a sign where advertising copy is displayed, also referred to as the Copy Area or Sign Face.
Fascia: The vertical portion of a building elevation extending from the ground to the top parapet wall or eaves, and horizontally across the entire width of the building.
Fascia Sign: See Wall Sign.
Fasteners: A broad term encompassing nuts, bolts, clips, and other mechanical devices utilized to secure a sign together.
Fiber Optics: Delicate strands of specially manufactured plastic or glass utilized to transmit and direct light from a source to a designated destination.
Fiber Optic Display: A sign employing fiber optics to generate or illuminate the sign's message.
Fingerpost Sign: A directional sign mounted on a post, featuring one or more panels indicating the direction of specific destinations.
First Surface: That element or layer that comprises the outermost surface of a sign.
Flag: A sign crafted from non-rigid materials like canvas or vinyl, lacking an enclosing or supporting framework, typically rectangular or triangular in shape and affixed to a pole. Also includes banners and pennants.
Flange: Part of the formed sign face that goes in the retainer of the cabinet.
Flashing Sign: A sign with an intermittent or flashing light source, often repeatedly displaying its message to attract attention, commonly used by government highway departments to enhance highway safety.
Flat Cutout Letter: A dimensional letter cut from metal sheet or plate stock.
Flat Screen: A general term for an LCD display.
Flex Face: A sign face constructed of flexible material stretched over a support frame. Also known as flexible face material.
Flexible Face Material: A versatile material, typically reinforced and translucent, made from PVC or polyester, commonly used for awnings, canopies, and various signage applications.
Footing: The base of a sign's supporting structure, typically anchored to a foundation or other stabilizing element such as a building's roof.
Foundation: A concrete substructure securing a sign and its supporting structure to the ground. Similar to a footing.
Four-Color Process: A halftone printing technique employing the four primary ink colors: cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK), to produce a comprehensive spectrum of colors on a printed medium.
Freestanding Sign: A sign, either permanent or temporary, independent of a building and possessing its own support structure, placed on the ground or attached to a supporting structure, post, pole, or using guy wires.
French Cleat: A woodworking technique used to securely hang heavy objects on a wall. It consists of two interlocking strips of wood, each with a beveled edge. One strip is attached to the wall, while the other is affixed to the back of the object to be hung. The beveled edges interlock, providing stability and support.
Front Lit Letter: An illuminated channel letter featuring a translucent face.
Full Service Sign Company: a sign company that handles the entire signage project, including design, surveys, permitting, engineering, manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.
Gateway Sign: A sign indicating the entry point to a town, neighborhood, development, park, or other public area.
Gauge: A unit of measurement used to indicate the thickness of sheet metal or wires. Lower gauge numbers correspond to greater thickness.
Gilding: The artistic application of a thin layer of gold or gold-like material to a surface for decorative purposes, achieved through mechanical or chemical methods.
Glare: The presence of direct or reflected light within the field of vision that is intense enough to cause visual discomfort, annoyance, or obstruction.
Glazing: The process of installing glass panes.
Gloss: A measure of the light reflected by the finish of a surface. High gloss finishes reflect 80-90% of incident light, while semi-gloss reflects 50-75%, satin reflects 30-45%, and matte finishes reflect 5-15%.
Glossimeter: A device utilized to quantify the amount of light reflected from a given surface.
Gold Leaf: An extremely thin foil made of gold, utilized in gilding.
Gradation: The smooth transition from one color to another, from black to white, or from color to colorless.
Grade: The level or contour of the ground at a specific location.
Gradient: The gradual transition between different colors, from black to white, or from color to colorless.
Grommet: A small metal or plastic ring inserted into a hole in a material to prevent fraying and provide a durable opening for threading rope or twine.
Ground Sign: A freestanding sign lacking any visible support structure.
Guardian Letter: A metal letter featuring a curved face crafted from highly polished stainless steel.
Guy Rope: A rope or cable employed to secure and stabilize mounted signs, awning, or canopy signs. It is fastened to the sign at one end and to the ground or a building at the other end.
Guy Wire: A rope or cable utilized to secure and stabilize mounted signs, awning, or canopy signs. It is affixed to the sign at one end and to the ground or a building at the other end.
H-Channel Letter: A dimensional letter shaped like an "H" in cross-section, designed to accommodate neon tubing within the letter itself.
Halftone: The method wherein a continuous tone image, like a photograph, is replicated and emulated using a pattern of printed or silk-screened dots of different sizes and equal spacing. When viewed from a typical distance, the reproduced image appears continuous.
Halo: A luminous ring of light encircling an object, such as a channel letter, that has been illuminated from behind.
Halo Lighting: A sign lighting technique where a light source positioned within or behind the sign reflects off the mounting surface, creating a halo effect around the sign.
Hanging Sign: A double-faced sign projecting from a wall or pole, suspended by a bracket or support arm.
Heat Color-Transfer: A technique for adding color to fabric, where a pigmented resin is activated by heat and then drawn into the fabric using a vacuum applicator.
Heat-Bending: The method of heating a material, such as PVC, acrylic, or glass tubing, to a malleable state to facilitate bending and shaping.
High-Rise Sign: A freestanding sign of significant height, designed to be visible from a distance, particularly by motorists.
Hinged Side: Refers to the side of a double-faced sign that is attached with hinges. Opening this side provides access to the sign's interior for inspection and maintenance of internal components.
Hue: The characteristic tendency of a color towards one of the four primary wavelengths of visible light: red, yellow, blue, and green. For instance, if yellow is more prominent in an orange color, the hue of that orange would be described as yellowish. Hue is one of the three primary attributes of color, along with brightness and saturation.
Identification Sign: A sign displaying the name of the business it represents.
Illuminated Awning: An awning sign that is illuminated from underneath using fluorescent or other high-output lighting. This lighting shines through the awning fabric, illuminating any text or graphics on it and enhancing nighttime readability. Moreover, the light emitted from beneath the awning also illuminates the sidewalk or street below.
Illuminated Sign: A sign featuring artificial light, either emitted through its surface (internally illuminated) or reflected off its surface (externally illuminated).
Impact Logo: Bold representation of a company's brand, commonly found in lobbies or conference rooms, designed for high visibility and instant recognition.
Incandescent Lamp: A lamp generating light by passing electrical current through a wire filament, causing it to glow.
Incidental Sign: A sign serving informational purposes rather than commercial or advertising objectives, such as parking, restroom, entrance, and exit signs.
Inflatable Sign: A sign made from flexible material or fabric that inflates to a three-dimensional shape when filled with air or gas, commonly used as a temporary sign for special events or promotions.
Ink: A pigmented liquid utilized for various applications such as screen printing, press printing, writing, and drawing. Inks come in either water-based or solvent-based formulations depending on the intended use.
Ink Receptive: Describes any material capable of absorbing ink and forming a bond with it.
Insert: An uninstalled sign panel with no lettering or graphics applied.
Interior Signs: Signs positioned within a building, structure, or facility.
Intensity:
Internally Illuminated Sign: A sign illuminated by a light source contained within the sign structure or housing. See also Backlit Sign and Exterior Illuminated Sign.
Job Sign: A temporary, often large and freestanding sign showcased at a construction site to promote and offer information about the involved companies, such as the contractor, architect, developer, and more. Also known as a Construction Site Sign.
Joint Tenant Sign: Displays the various tenants of a business complex or shopping center and is most likely located near the entrance to the property.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): A widely used file format for color digital images. The JPEG standard employs a 'lossy' data compression technique, which entails sacrificing a small amount of sharpness from the original image in order to reduce the overall file size.
Kelvin:
Kerf: The width of the cut or channel made by a saw or other tool.
Kerning: The adjustment of spacing between individual letters in printed or mounted text to achieve a desired visual effect.
Kick Plate: A metal or plastic plate installed along the bottom of a sign structure to shield its surface from damage caused by kicking or other light to moderate contact.
Kiosk: A compact, standalone structure typically utilized for displaying temporary signs and notices. It may also feature an interactive computer screen and offer services such as event ticket sales.
Lacing: A widely used technique for securing a fabric covering to the frame of an awning. It involves threading thin rope through grommets along the edge of the fabric and tying it securely to the frame.
Lacquer: A transparent glossy finish applied to surfaces for both aesthetic enhancement and protection. It is renowned for its rapid drying properties and provides a harder coating compared to varnish.
Lambert: A unit of measurement for luminance (brightness). It quantifies the luminance of a surface that emits or reflects one lumen per square centimeter. Specifically, one lambert equals 0.318 foot-candles per square centimeter.
Lamination: The procedure of uniting two or more layers of material using heat, pressure, and adhesive bonding.
Lamp Bank: The collection of lamps (lights) within a message center utilized to form the messages visible to the public.
Landscape Format: An image or sign panel characterized by its length being significantly greater than its height.
Laser: A tightly focused beam of light that, when emitted with ample power, can be employed for engraving or cutting materials.
Layout: The overall arrangement of graphics and lettering on the face of a sign.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): A flat panel display technology that generates images or messages by manipulating electrically sensitive crystals suspended in a liquid medium. Commonly used in Electronic Message Centers (EMCs).
LED (Light-Emitting Diode): An electronic device emitting light when electrically charged, capable of creating patterns for dynamic video displays. Often employed in Electronic Message Centers (EMCs).
Letter Spacing: Refers to the spacing between individual letters and words in typography.
Life Safety Signs: These signs convey critical life-saving information such as fire procedures, security measures, and evacuation routes. The specific requirements for life safety signage are dictated by local, state, and federal regulations.
Light Box: A sign enclosed within a square or rectangular structure, internally illuminated by a light system to illuminate the sign face. Similar to a Box Sign or Sign Cabinet.
Light Pole Banner: A temporary banner or sign designed to attach to a permanent light pole or other pole structure, allowing for easy replacement of the temporary sign element without altering the permanent structure.
Low Profile Sign: A freestanding sign constructed near ground level or atop a base directly positioned on the ground. See also Monument Sign.
Low Voltage: Refers to electrical voltage levels that do not surpass 1000V AC or 1500V DC between conductors, or 600V AC or 900V DC between a conductor and ground. In signage, low voltage systems are commonly utilized for safety and energy efficiency.
Lumen: A unit of measurement for light output. It quantifies the amount of light that falls on a one square foot area located one foot away from a single candle. Lumens are essential for determining the brightness of light sources used in signage.
Luminance: Denotes the intensity of light emitted by a source in a specific direction. Typically measured in footlamberts or candelas per square foot or meter, luminance is crucial for assessing the visibility and impact of illuminated signs.
Luminance Ratio: In illuminated signs, different areas of the sign face may exhibit varying luminance levels. The luminance ratio refers to the difference in luminance between any two areas on the sign face, influencing its overall visual balance and effectiveness.
Luminescence: The property of emitting light by absorbing radiant energy from another source and converting it into visible wavelengths. Luminescent materials, such as those used in fluorescent lamps, play a significant role in creating illuminated signage.
Luminous Efficacy: Measures the efficiency of a lamp in converting electrical energy into visible light. It quantifies the amount of light produced (in lumens) per unit of energy consumed, aiding in the selection of energy-efficient lighting solutions for signage.
Luminous Flux: Represents the total visible light energy emitted by a source in all directions. Luminous flux is derived from radiant flux and adjusted based on the human eye's sensitivity, with lumens serving as the unit of measurement. This metric is vital for assessing the overall brightness of lighting systems used in signage.
Magnetic Sheeting: Refers to a layer of magnetic material adhered to a flexible surface material like vinyl, allowing for printing of lettering and graphics. Often employed for temporary signage affixed to vehicles or other metallic surfaces.
Mall Signage: A diverse range of typical on-premise sign types found within the interior of a multi-tenant building or mall.
Margin: Represents the space between any lettering or graphics and the border of the sign face. This area ensures visual clarity and prevents crowding of elements, enhancing the overall readability and aesthetic appeal of the signage.
Marquee Sign:
Matte: Having a dull or non-shiny surface or finish.
Medium Density Overlay (MDO): An exterior-grade plywood sheet coated with a resin-impregnated overlay on one or both sides to enhance its ability to be painted.
Memorial Sign: A sign, typically a plaque, commemorating a person, place, or event.
Menu Board: A variable message sign allowing retailers to list products and prices, commonly used for displaying menus at fast food restaurants.
Mercury: A silvery-white metal that remains in liquid form at room temperature. In neon and fluorescent lamps, mercury is vaporized through electrical current and combined with an inert gas like argon to produce ultraviolet light. This light excites the phosphor coating inside the lamp, generating visible light.
Mesh:
Message Area: The portion of the sign conveying meaning to the viewer through words and/or graphics.
Message Centre: A variable message sign enabling changes to be made either mechanically or electronically.
Mild Steel: Designates a variety of sheet metal frequently employed in shaping channels and other components and structures for signage.
Mildew Resistant: Describes fabric treated chemically to deter the development of mold and fungus, ensuring longevity and cleanliness in signage applications.
Mobile Sign: A portable sign mounted on a trailer or the back of a truck, which may or may not be illuminated. Also referred to as a mobile billboard.
Mock-up: A true-to-size replica of a structure, often utilized in sign design to meticulously assess the visual appeal, readability, and other crucial elements of the intended final product. While constructed from less costly and durable materials compared to the ultimate sign, it faithfully replicates the colors and finishes envisaged for the final rendition.
Molded Letter: A letter formed by heating a sheet of acrylic or plastic until it becomes flexible, then shaping it into the desired form using a letter-shaped mold. Once cooled, the plastic retains the molded shape, with any excess material trimmed away.
Molding: A decorative strip of metal or wood framing the outer edge of a sign, available in simple or ornate styles.
Monolith: A structure constructed from a single mass of material, such as a block of granite or marble, or formed concrete.
Monument Sign: A ground sign with a low overall height often used to mark a significant location or entrance. See also low profile sign or freestanding sign.
Mural: A wall surface adorned with paint, tile, or printed graphics directly applied. See also wall mural.
Nameplate: A small sign, either wall-mounted or freestanding, typically made of plastic or metal, indicating the name, occupation, and/or title of the occupant of an office, cubicle, desk, or building.
NEC: The National Electric Code, comprising a set of standards governing the installation and use of electrical equipment. While not inherently a legal statute, it serves as a reference point for various city and state regulations.
Negative Space: The unoccupied area within a sign face devoid of any lettering or graphics.
Neon Gas: An inert gas that maintains a colorless appearance naturally. Upon the application of sufficient electrical charge, neon gas emits a distinctive orange-red glow.
Neon Lamp:
Neon Sign: A sign crafted using neon tubing that is bent and shaped into lettering and/or graphic forms.
Neon Tubing: The vacuum tubing (typically clear) utilized to contain the inert gas (neon gas) within a neon lamp. Neon tubing is malleable, allowing it to be shaped into various forms for creating lettering and iconic graphics. The tubing's color and applied coatings can influence the emitted light's color.
Neoprene: A synthetic rubber known for its resistance to chemicals, oil, flames, and abrasion. It retains flexibility even in cold conditions and is often used for gaskets, cushioning, and weatherproofing.
Nesting: Refers to the process of arranging multiple images or designs in close proximity to each other to optimize material usage and minimize waste during production.
Nickel Plating: A thin protective layer of nickel applied to a surface through an electrochemical process. It serves as a base coating for further plating and provides durability.
Non-Conforming Sign: A sign that was initially installed and maintained in accordance with regulations but fails to meet newly enacted sign ordinances. Depending on the circumstances, such signs may either be subject to removal with compensation from the governing body or allowed to remain for a defined period known as amortization.
Notched: Refers to channel letters that have been cut out at the back to accommodate a raceway, conduit, or other protruding object on the mounting wall or substrate.
Nylon: A strong and durable synthetic material used in a wide range of fibers/fabrics, objects and coatings.
Off-Premise Sign: A sign promoting a product, service, or activity not situated directly at or adjacent to the business or property it pertains to. Also known as outdoor advertising, with billboards being a common example.
Oil Canning: Refers to the occurrence of slight buckling or waviness in a metal surface due to insufficient thickness of the material or inadequate support behind it.
On-Premise Sign: A sign advertising a business, event, profession, service, or product directly located at or adjacent to the business or property it relates to.
Open Channel Letter: A dimensional letter lacking a face and, when illuminated, visible. A clear face may be utilized for physical protection of internal components.
Opaque: Describes any material or substance through which light does not pass, i.e. it is neither transparent nor translucent.
Outgas:
Overlay (Snipe): A paper strip or price designation, which is pasted on the face of an existing advertising panel.
Painted Wall Sign: A sign created by painting directly onto a building's surface. When used for third-party or outdoor advertising purposes, these murals can span multiple stories, aiming for maximum visibility and impact.
Pan Channel Letter: A dimensional letter featuring side walls, a back, and a face, giving the appearance of a solid integral unit with a pan-shaped cross-section.
Pan Face: A plastic sign face molded into a three-dimensional shape, also known as a molded face, molded and embossed face, or molded and debossed face.
Panel: Any visible surface of a sign containing copy and/or artwork. A sign face comprises one or more panels.
Pantone Matching System (PMS): A standardized color system utilized in the printing industry to maintain color consistency from design to the final printed product.
Parapet: A low protective wall along the edge of a roof, bridge, or balcony.
Parapet Sign: A sign mounted atop the parapet of a building, categorized as a building-mounted sign.
Patina: The thin layer of color, corrosion or texture that develops on a metal surface as a result of natural (exposure to the elements over time) or artificial (chemical treatment) oxidization. The color of patina on bronze is typically brown while patina on copper is typically green or green-gray.
Pavement Graphics: Markings and graphics applied to roadways and parking areas to guide traffic and supplement other traffic signs.
PDF File: A Portable Document Format (PDF) file is a digital document format developed by Adobe that preserves the formatting of text and images across different platforms and devices. PDF files are commonly used for sharing documents that need to be viewed or printed exactly as they were created, regardless of the software, operating system, or device being used.
Pennant: A triangular flag or irregular piece of fabric, often attached in strings or strands, intended to flutter in the wind, similar to a banner.
People Sign: An individual adorned with commercial insignia, costumes, masks, or symbols to display commercial messages or advertise on-premise activities, also known as a human mascot, sign spinner, or human sign.
Perforated Window Vinyl: A vinyl material perforated for viewing through window graphics, often laminated with an optically clear film for durability, see also Window Sign.
Permanent Sign: A sign affixed to a building, structure, or ground in a manner that resists environmental loads and impedes easy removal or relocation.
Permit: A legal authorization issued by a government agency, granting official permission for a specific action such as erecting a sign.
Phosphor: A chemical substance that emits visible light when struck by electrons from an external source, such as ultraviolet light. Phosphors continue to emit light for a period even after the energizing source is removed. They are commonly used as coatings on the inside of fluorescent lamps.
Phosphorescent Sign: A sign employing inks, paints, or dyes containing phosphors to emit light.
Photopolymer: A type of plastic with a photosensitive coating that can be masked and photo-etched to create tactile sign messages. It is frequently used for ADA signage requiring Braille lettering.
Pictogram: A symbol or simple illustration representing an object or concept. Pictograms are commonly used in ADA and DOT signage. For example, the wheelchair symbol on ADA signs denotes handicap accessibility.
Pigment: A natural or synthetic insoluble compound used to impart color to materials such as paints and inks.
Pin Mounted: A method of installing signs or panels by affixing them to a surface using small pins or standoffs. These pins or standoffs are typically attached to the back of the sign or panel and then secured to the mounting surface, creating a small gap between the sign and the surface. This installation method provides a modern and sleek appearance, allowing the sign to stand out from the mounting surface and casting shadows for added visual interest. Pin mounting is commonly used for architectural signs, company logos, and decorative panels.
Plastic: A broad term encompassing various synthetic materials composed of long polymer chains that are moldable and become pliable when heated. Many plastics utilized in the sign industry are thermoplastics, capable of melting and solidifying multiple times.
Plastic Faced Letters: Channel letters featuring a translucent plastic face covering the front of the channel, diffusing the neon lighting within.
Plaque: An inscribed, commemorative plate or tablet, typically made of cast metal.
Plexiglas: A proprietary brand of acrylic sheeting commonly used for various applications, often erroneously referred to as a generic term.
Plywood: A frequently used wood product available in 4' x 8' sheets. Plywood consists of multiple thin sheets of wood glued together, with the grain of adjacent layers perpendicular to each other. The outermost plies are parallel to ensure stability.
Point-of-Purchase (POP) Sign: Interior signage advertising a product at its point of sale or purchase location, also known as point-of-sale advertising.
Pole or Pylon Cover: An enclosure concealing or enhancing poles or structural supports of a ground sign.
Pole Sign: A freestanding sign, usually double-faced, mounted on a round pole, square tube, or other fabricated member without additional support.
Polyester: Polyester is a synthetic fiber prized for its robustness and ability to resist degradation from ultraviolet exposure. Unlike nylon, it lacks the stretch and elasticity but compensates with enhanced durability, often resulting in a longer lifespan.
Polystyrene: A synthetic polymer made from the monomer styrene. It is a lightweight, rigid, and inexpensive plastic material commonly used in various applications, including packaging, insulation, disposable cutlery and containers, and as a base material for crafting and model-making. Polystyrene can be formed into different shapes through processes like extrusion, injection molding, and foam molding, making it versatile for a wide range of uses.
Porcelain Sign: A traditional technique involving coating metal with a ceramic slip, then firing it at extremely high temperatures to produce a resilient, glass-like surface that withstands environmental conditions.
Portable Sign: A sign not permanently affixed to the ground, building, or other structure, designed for mobility and transport, including those with wheels and changeable copy that can be easily removed by hand tools.
Portrait Format: A sign proportion where the height significantly exceeds the width, creating a vertical orientation.
Post and Panel Sign: An unlit sign supported by one or more visible posts, with the sign body mounted onto these posts.
Post Mounted Sign: A sign attached to one or more sign poles.
Poster: A sign, usually printed on paper but can also be printed on plastic or cloth.
Powder Coating: A specialized method for applying paint to a surface, resulting in a highly durable protective finish.
PPI (Pixels Per Inch): The measurement of the number of pixels in a raster image within one inch of space. Higher PPI values indicate greater resolution, resulting in less visible individual pixels.
Precast Concrete: Concrete reinforced with steel fibers or glass fibers, cast into a mold to form a sturdy structure.
Precinct Sign: A sign positioned at the entrance of a town, neighborhood, development, park, or other public area, indicating its location.
Pre-Space Lettering (PSL): Refers to a typographic technique where individual letters or characters are designed with predetermined spaces between them, commonly used in signage, graphic design, and typography to achieve balanced and aesthetically pleasing text compositions.
Projected-Image Sign: A sign featuring an image projected onto a surface from a distant electronic device, not originating from the plane of the surface itself.
Projecting Sign: A sign attached to a building face or wall, projecting more than eighteen inches from the surface, often double-sided. Also known as a Blade Sign.
Prototype: Typically, a full-sized model that employs final materials, construction methods, fasteners, and finishes to evaluate assembly, design, construction, and appearance. Also utilized to approve the "first sample" in a lengthy production process.
Public Path: A frequently traveled route, encompassing corridors and public elevators, that links various public destinations.
Push-Through: A letter or graphic cut out of a backing material equal to or thicker than the sign face material, mounted inside the sign face so that the backing material extends flush with or through the front plane of the sign face.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): A type of plastic utilized for various applications.
Pylon Sign: A freestanding sign not categorized as a pole or ground sign.
Quality assurance / Quality Control (QC): The organized and deliberate measures required to instill sufficient confidence that a product or service will meet specified quality standards and fulfill predetermined requirements.
Raceway: An electrical enclosure that can also function as a mounting structure for the sign. See also Deck Cabinet.
Raster Image: Refers to a grid of pixels or individual points of color arranged in rows and columns to form an image. This grid-based representation is commonly used to display photographs, scanned images, and other complex graphics on digital devices.
Readability: refers to the effectiveness of a sign's design in enabling viewers to accurately understand the information it conveys within an ideal timeframe and distance. Factors such as letter size and style, clarity of typeface, color contrast between text and background, as well as the arrangement of elements on the sign, collectively influence readability.
Readerboard: A sign with changeable copy that can be manually updated. Typically includes a panel where letters and graphics are mounted, commonly used for advertising special prices or events and strategically placed for visibility by passing motorists.
Recall: The capacity of a viewer to retain the message in their memory even after ceasing to view it.
Reflective Vinyl: Vinyl treated to reflect artificial light, such as vehicle headlights, particularly effective at night. Originally used for road and highway signs, reflective vinyl has now gained popularity in commercial business signage and vehicle wraps. Also known as vinyl reflective.
Regulatory Sign: A sign installed by a government authority to inform the public about traffic laws and other regulations.
Resolution: in digital images refers to the density of pixels displayed on a screen, with higher pixel counts per unit area indicating greater image precision.
Retainer: A framing component mounted around the perimeter of a sign face, attached to the sign cabinet structure to secure the face or provide decorative trim.
Retractable Banner: A portable display stand with a flexible graphic panel that can be easily pulled up from a base for display and retracted for storage and transportation. It's commonly used for advertising and promotional purposes at trade shows, events, and retail stores.
Return: The sides of a channel letter.
Reveal: A carved or indented detail on a sign.
Reverse Channel Letter: A fabricated dimensional letter featuring an opaque face and side walls but lacking a back. When illuminated by a neon tube inside the letter, it creates a halo effect around the letter.
Revolving Sign: A sign capable of rotating 360 degrees around an axis, typically powered by an electric motor. It may rotate at a fixed or variable speed.
RGB: Stands for "Red, Green, Blue." It is a color model used in digital imaging and displays, where colors are created by combining varying intensities of red, green, and blue light. In this model, each color component is represented by an 8-bit value, ranging from 0 to 255, with 0 indicating no intensity and 255 indicating full intensity. By adjusting the intensity of these three primary colors, a wide range of colors can be produced, allowing for the creation of vibrant and diverse images on digital screens and devices. RGB is widely used in applications such as computer monitors, television screens, digital cameras, and image editing software.
Right of Way (ROW): The land where a public thoroughfare is situated, including certain adjacent areas. Permanent commercial signs are commonly placed on private land adjacent to the public right of way.
Roof Sign: A sign affixed to and supported by the main roof portion of a building, or positioned above the uppermost edge of a parapet wall, partially or entirely supported by the building.
Router-Cut Sign: Refers to a sign crafted by either a hand router or a computerized router, employing different cutting blades to carve through a range of sign materials.
Routing: The process of removing material from a substrate using a specialized tool bit. In computerized sign production, a CAD/CAM machine is utilized to program a tool's movement along x-, y-, and z-axes to carve out the desired design.
Sandblasting: A technique used to embellish glass, wood, or foam surfaces. An artwork stencil, made of rubberized material and either hand- or computer-cut, is affixed onto the substrate. Then, a pressurized stream of sand or synthetic particles is sprayed onto the surface, creating a textured effect on the unprotected areas. After reaching the desired depth, the stencil is removed, and if applied to wood, the surfaces may be painted.
Sandwich Sign: A portable sign not anchored to the ground but supported by its own frame, often resembling the shape of an A. Also referred to as an A-Frame Sign or Sidewalk Sign.
Sans Serif: Refers to a typeface that doesn't feature serifs, which are small decorative flourishes at the ends of characters. In sans serif fonts, strokes within the letters typically have consistent widths. Examples of well-known sans serif fonts include Helvetica and Futura.
Scoring: Cutting or notching a material before bending it. Sufficient scoring on certain substrates enables them to be cleanly broken without cutting them entirely through.
Screen: A framework with stretched fabric used in screen printing, supporting the stencil or emulsion through which ink is pressed by a squeegee to create the print.
Screen Printing: A method of applying graphics capable of detailed and colorful prints on various substrates such as paper, plastics, aluminum, vinyl, and banner materials.
Seam: A line formed by joining two separate pieces of the same or different materials at their edges, commonly seen in flexible-face fabric material or wood, metal, or plastic sheets. (Also known as a butt joint.)
Second-Surface: Referring to a sign made of a clear substrate, like acrylic, where the artwork is applied in reverse on an interior face, offering additional protection from the environment. This method is used in large exterior signs and smaller identification, wayfinding, restroom, and evacuation signs subject to regular handling.
Serif: A small line or embellishment finishing off the strokes of letters in certain fonts. Well-known serif fonts include Souvenir, Times Roman, and Garamond.
Service: Service refers to the routine upkeep of a sign, encompassing tasks such as cleaning, repainting, bulb or lamp replacement, and repairs, often conducted as part of a regular contract.
Service Cover: A service cover, found in electric sign cabinets, is a panel designed for easy access to bulbs or lamps and their electrical connections, facilitating replacement and maintenance tasks.
Setback: The distance typically measured between a fixed object, such as the outer edge of a sign, and the edge line of the pavement on the adjacent roadway.
Shade: A color darkened by adding black to the original hue.
Shadow: An image duplicated with slight offset for effects like drop shadow, block shadow, or cast shadow, each creating different dimensional illusions.
Sheet Metal: Refers to thin, flat pieces of metal that are formed into various shapes through processes such as bending, cutting, and stamping. It is commonly used in construction, manufacturing, and fabrication for applications ranging from building components to automotive parts. Sheet metal is typically available in various metals such as steel, aluminum, brass, and copper, and it is valued for its strength, durability, and versatility in shaping and joining.
Shop Drawings: Illustrations created by trades to outline the quantity, dimensions, shape, materials, and other specifics of a product's construction. In the context of signage, these drawings are prepared by fabricators to detail their proposed construction methods and assembly sequence for review by designers and owners before construction and fabrication. Fabrication drawings are essential for ensuring that the original design concept is faithfully executed during the construction process.
Sidewalk Sign: A term synonymous with Sandwich or A-Frame Sign, referring to moveable signage typically placed on sidewalks.
Sign: Any visible object or structure aimed to advertise, identify, direct, or draw attention to a person, place, business, or event, utilizing various means such as words, symbols, illumination, or images.
Sign Band: A horizontal area strategically positioned above a multi-tenant building's entrances, designed to accommodate signage in a visually prominent manner.
Sign Cabinet: The casing of an electric sign, excluding its components and mounting structure. Comparable to Box Sign and Light Box.
Sign-Centric Design: A building or site intentionally designed to emphasize on-premise signage as the primary visual element.
Sign Face: The surface area of a sign intended for displaying content or copy.
Signage: A collection of communication devices and graphic elements positioned in specific locations to convey information or attract attention, including various types such as Projecting, Wall, Roof, and Freestanding signs, as well as Signature Buildings and product displays.
Sign-Centric Design: Architectural design emphasizing and integrating signage as the primary visual element.
Sign Location Map: A site plan or floor plan indicating where signs will be placed.
Silicone Edge Graphic (SEG): A type of signage or display graphic that features a silicone strip sewn into the edges of a fabric graphic. This silicone strip is then inserted into a specially designed frame with a corresponding groove, allowing for a seamless and taut appearance when the graphic is installed. SEG graphics are commonly used in trade show displays, retail environments, and other applications where a sleek, modern aesthetic is desired. They offer easy installation, versatility, and the ability to quickly change out graphics as needed.
Single-Face Sign: A sign featuring only one face plane.
Silkscreen Printing: Silkscreen printing, an ancient and straightforward printing technique, involves using a squeegee to push ink through a stencil or emulsion supported by fabric stretched over a frame. While traditionally silk was used, modern screen printers now employ various synthetic fabrics for this purpose.
Skeleton: The metal frame on which a sign is installed.
Slip-Base: Foundation consisting of two bolts fastened between the foundation plate and the concrete footer.
Small Hanging Blade Sign: A sign affixed beneath a Canopy or Marquee, also referred to as an "Under Canopy" or "Under Marquee" sign.
Snipe Sign: An additional overlay sign incorporated into an existing sign layout to convey supplementary messages, such as "opening soon." Additionally, it denotes a sign illicitly attached to various objects without proper authorization.
Solvent: A type of petroleum-based liquid utilized to alter oil-based paints and inks, as well as to clean them from sign components, frames, and brushes.
Spacer: Any device used in mounting letters or signs that separates them from the surface to which they are being installed. A spacer allows letters to be pinned out.
Spinner Sign: A sign, whether Freestanding or Wall Mounted, designed to rotate messages in the wind, distinct from Animated Signs.
Squeegee:
Star of Life: refers to the asterisk symbol used to indicate the exit level, preferred route for gurneys, emergency egress, etc. It's mandated by the ADA to be placed next to floor indications on elevator control panels and elevator jambs.
Stationary Sign: A sign equipped with a power cord for connection to an electrical power source, lacking mobility or portability.
Stencil: Refers to a thin material sheet with a design cut into it. When this stencil is positioned on a surface and paint or ink is applied, the design is transferred onto the substrate below. Stencils come in various materials like metal, card stock, or photo emulsions.
Stochastic Screening: A silkscreening process that conveys the tone of a screened image by varying the number and location of dots rather than just varying the size of the dots within the grid.
Stone Signs: Typically made from sandstone, granite, marble, limestone, and other common decorative stone materials. Letters can be stud-mounted to stone or they can be carved or incised into the face of the stone.
Strain: The measure of the change in size or shape of a body under stress, compared to its original size or shape. It is usually measured as the change (in inches) per inch of length.
Streamer: A long, narrow banner included in interior or window displays only.
Street Furniture: Advertising displays strategically positioned for pedestrian or vehicular visibility, such as Bench Signs, aiming for eye-level viewing or curbside exposure.
Stretching
Stroke: A single movement of the hand or arm, or of a marking tool. Stroke refers to a pass of the squeegee in screen printing, and a pass of the brush in painting.
Stroke Width: The width of the major lines comprising a letterform. A wider stroke width is used to make a bolder letter; a narrower stroke width is used to make a lighter letter.
Structure: In the sign industry, a fabrication designed for and capable of supporting a sign. Can refer to internal or external skeleton (exoskeleton) of sign as well as support pole or mechanism.
Styrene: also known as polystyrene, is a rigid plastic material typically colorless and moldable, commonly employed in sign manufacturing.
Sublimation: Sublimation is a process in which a solid substance is directly converted into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. In the context of printing, sublimation refers to a method where heat and pressure are applied to a solid dye, causing it to sublimate into a gas that permeates and bonds with a polyester-coated substrate. This process results in vibrant, durable, and high-quality prints on various materials such as textiles, ceramics, and metals.
Substrate: The material forming the Sign Face or onto which graphics are applied, encompassing a range of materials like vinyl, wood, plastics, fabrics, metals, paper, acrylics, and glass.
Symmetry: The balance of design elements in which one side equals or mirrors the other.
T-Frame Sign: A moveable Freestanding Sign typically shaped like an inverted "T" or similar variation, not permanently fixed to the ground or any structure. See also A-Frame Signs.
Tack: The stickiness of an adhesive under specific conditions. Certain adhesives may require a particular temperature range for optimal tackiness.
Tactile Sign: A sign, or section of a sign, featuring raised or engraved letters and graphics intended for tactile reading by individuals with visual impairments.
Target Audience: The ideal consumer demographic for a specific product or service.
Tempera: Pigment mixed in a water medium, usually with a binder and adhesive. Tempera paints produce a luminous effect.
Template: A full-sized pattern, layout, or computerized output showing the exact size and placement of letters. Typically used for installing dimensional letters, signs, or architectural elements.
Temporary Sign: Portable signage or any sign not meant for permanent installation, including Banners and Construction Site Signs. These signs may also serve incidental or miscellaneous purposes, such as political or real estate signage.
Tensile Strength: The maximum load a material can withstand before it breaks.
Thermoforming: A process that takes a flat sheet of material and gives it dimension by heating then forcing it into a mold either mechanically or pneumatically. See also vacuum-forming.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): A standard graphics file format utilized for scanned bit-mapped images.
Thinner: A liquid substance employed to reduce the thickness of paint or ink.
Tiling: The digital procedure of dividing a large image into individual sections for printing, typically with overlap.
Time and Temp Display: A variable message sign showcasing the current time and temperature either stationary or in rotation, often with additional messaging capabilities.
Timer Switch: An automated switch utilizing a clock or timer to regulate the activation and deactivation of electric signs at predetermined intervals daily.
Tint: A color made lighter than the original by adding white to it.
Tone: The effect on a color brought about by blending it with another color.
Tongue Tear: A property of fabrics where a machine tears a strip of fabric
across the warp and filling, measured in pounds.
Top Coating: The coating intended for the front, side, or top of a fabric or membrane.
Touch Screen: A computerized CRT or LCD screen directory or information station activated by touching the screen.
Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs (TODs): Government signage program providing directional information and business identification for traveler-oriented services and attractions, excluding promotional advertising.
Tracking: The ability of a computer, at the operator's instruction, to add or subtract minute increments of space between letters.
Trade Area: The defined geographic region from which a business primarily draws its customers, often centered around residential or workplace locations.
Trademark (Service Mark): A distinctive symbol, word, or combination used to identify and differentiate a business and its offerings, legally protected and valued for brand recognition.
Traffic Volume: An Estimate of the Number of Individuals Expected to View a Sign Within a Specific Timeframe. Typically Associated with the Count of Vehicles Passing a Particular Location Within a Day.
Transfer Film: A Semi-Adhesive Layer Applied on Translucent Paper. It's Utilized with Vinyl Graphics That Have Been Separated from Their Original Backing; the Film's Adhesive Strength Surpasses the Vinyl's Attachment to the Backing, Facilitating the Transfer of the Image to Another Surface.
Transformer: Electrical device that alters incoming voltage and current to a different output for various electrical applications.
Translucent: The Characteristic of a Material, Such as Vinyl, Paint, or Ink, That Allows Some Light to Pass Through Without Being Fully Transparent. This Property Is Essential in Internally Illuminated Signs, Which Rely on Semi-Transparent Paints and Vinyls to Emit Light.
Transparent: The Property of a Material Enabling Light and Images to Pass Through Clearly, Often with a Discernible Color Tint.
Tri-color LED: An LED that displays only the colors red, yellow, and green.
Triple Message Sign: A sign consisting of rotating triangular louvers. The louvers turn in unison, displaying three different messages as the three faces are exposed. This allows for three times the static advertising/communication power at one location.
Trough Letter: A metal channel letter with an exposed cold cathode tube in the trough for illumination.
Tube Colors: Neon sign tubing is produced as clear glass or in colors. Different tube colors act as filters, allowing only the desired color to shine through. In many cases, colored glass is the only way to achieve rich primary colors.
Tube Diameter: The width of a tube, expressed in millimeters, used to describe the width of neon tubing.
Tube Supports: Insulators that support a neon tube, hold it away from the background surface, and provide some impact resistance.
Tunneling: The separation of a laminate from a substrate, appearing in a straight line or channel, due to insufficient adhesion, inadequate tension or stability during application, poor substrate quality, or improper curing after application.
Typeface: A set of letters and numerals sharing the same design characteristics. Examples of font sets include Times New Roman and Arial.
UL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., a nationally recognized testing laboratory that provides safety certification.
Ultimate Strength: The maximum strength at which an awning material can sustain a gradual and uniformly applied load.
Under-Canopy Sign: A sign specifically crafted for mounting beneath a canopy.
Ultraviolet Light (UV): A segment of the spectrum spanning from 185 to 450 nanometers. UV light plays a dual role in the sign industry. It can trigger the transformation of certain surfaces, like the phosphors in neon and fluorescent tubes, into visible light. Additionally, UV light is utilized for curing specific screen printing inks and paints. Conversely, UV light is the primary factor contributing to pigment deterioration in certain paints and vinyls, particularly those in red hues.
V Sign: Signage consisting of two faces, each of similar size, mounted on a shared or separate structure, arranged in a "V" shape with an interior angle between faces not exceeding ninety degrees.
Vacuum Forming: A process used to create sign faces, wherein a plastic sheet is secured within a stationary frame, heated, and then pressed down onto a mold by the force of a vacuum.
Variable Message Sign: A sign equipped for message alterations. See also Changeable Copy Panel, Changeable Copy Sign, Electronic Message Centre, Marquee Sign, Menu Board, Readerboard, and Time and Temperature Sign.
Variance: A special administrative procedure allowing exceptions to zoning regulations such as height, setback, and permitted land use.
Vector Format: A method of encoding and storing graphic images using mathematical formulas to define shapes, lines, curves, and colors. In this format, images are represented by geometric objects such as points, lines, and polygons, which allows them to be scaled to any size without loss of quality. Vector graphics are commonly used for logos, illustrations, and other graphics where precision and scalability are important. They are contrasted with raster graphics, which are composed of individual pixels and may lose quality when resized.
Vehicle Sign: Any signage affixed to or displayed on a vehicle or trailer, whether permanently or temporarily, primarily for identification or advertising purposes. Commonly known as vehicle wraps or vehicle graphics.
Video Sign: A dynamic sign displayed on a monitor or television screen.
Vinyl (Flex/Flexible Face): A flexible substrate used for displaying advertising messages, created through computer production or hand painting.
Visibility: The distinctiveness of a letter, number, graphic, or symbol, allowing it to be distinguished from its background.
Wall Mounted Sign: A sign affixed to a wall with only one face visible. Also referred to as a Wall Sign.
Wall Mural: Artwork or messaging printed on a material like vinyl or canvas and applied directly to a wall or other smooth surfaces such as doors, ceilings, or furniture.
Wall Sign: A sign attached to an exterior wall of a building, projecting no more than eighteen inches from the wall. Also known as a Fascia Sign.
Wayfinding: The use of effective signage to guide individuals to their intended destinations.
Webbing: A robust fabric woven in narrow widths, typically employed in applications demanding strength, such as seat belts or headbands. Commonly utilized in banners for heavy-duty usage, such as over-the-street banners.
Weed: The procedure of removing excess vinyl or matrix from a plotter cut, leaving behind only the sections representing the final image. Rapidly pulling away the extra material in a single stroke is referred to as "rip weeding."
Weep Hole:
A small aperture or opening located at the bottom of a letter or sign cabinet, strategically positioned at the lowest point to prevent the accumulation of water within the unit.
Weld: The process of joining pieces of material by heating them until they become molten and fuse together.
Welt: A strip of material sewn to a pocket opening to provide both a finishing touch and reinforcement to the fabric.
Welt Cord: A tape or covered cord that is sewn into a seam to reinforce it or to serve as a decorative trim.
Wet Location Fixture: An electrical or light fixture that is tightly sealed to protect against moisture.
White Space: The empty or unused space within a sign face, devoid of any lettering or graphics.
Wickability: The property of a fiber that allows moisture to swiftly move along its surface and pass through the fabric.
Wind Load: The term used to describe the design strength of a sign. Standard wind load is 30 PSF (pounds per square foot), capable of withstanding winds of approximately 90 MPH. Heavy wind load is 55 PSF, which can endure winds of around 110 MPH.
Window Sign: Any sign affixed to or visible through a window or glass door, intended to be seen from the public way or adjacent property. This includes window paintings and signs visible primarily from outside the building.
X-ACTO Knife: A precision cutting tool often used in sign-making for intricate and detailed cuts.
Yard Sign: A small sign typically placed in yards or gardens to convey messages such as political support, real estate listings, or event promotions.
Yield: Refers to the amount of usable material obtained compared to the total amount of material used. It indicates the efficiency of a manufacturing process, with higher yield indicating less waste and more efficient use of resources.
Yoke Mount: A type of mounting hardware used to attach signs or fixtures to poles or other vertical surfaces, providing stability and adjustability.
Z-Clip: A type of fastening hardware used to secure panels, signs, or other objects to a surface, typically a wall. It consists of two interlocking metal clips, shaped like the letter "Z," which slide together to hold the object in place. One clip is attached to the back of the object, while the other is fixed to the mounting surface. Z-clips provide a secure and discreet mounting solution, often used in applications where the object needs to be easily removable or where a clean, flush appearance is desired.
Zinc: A malleable metal with a distinctive gray appearance, somewhat similar to lead, often utilized in raw form for exterior applications.
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